高超声速飞行器钝舵缝隙流动数值模拟研究

目前,带缝隙钝舵的缝隙引起的流场结构和气动加热规律变化,还很不明确,需要研究缝隙诱导所形成旋涡的空间分布特征和旋涡运动对物面气动加热的影响规律。通过分析高超声速钝舵缝隙气动加热问题,基于无缝隙钝舵,建立一种带缝隙钝舵简化模型。使用有限体积方法求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,通量采用van Leer通量向量分裂方法计算。插值采用MUSCL方法,时间项采用LU-SGS隐式方法。结果表明:无缝隙钝舵流场结构相对简单,带缝隙钝舵流场结构同无缝隙钝舵相比要更为复杂,舵轴上游缝隙内会出现马蹄形涡串结构,相应地在缝隙的上下表面均会出现马蹄形高热流区;受缝隙诱导分离再附流动的影响,在舵轴迎风面以及舵体侧面后部均形成了局部高热流区。     

Static magnetic field analysis of hollow-cup motor model and bow-shaped permanent magnet design

The hollow-cup Permanent Magnet (PM) motors have the characteristics of low power consumption, and are widely used in the aerospace field. At present, the tile-shaped PMs used by hollow-cup PM motors have poor sinusoidal characteristics of the air gap magnetic flux density waveform, which will cause torque ripple. The existing method for improving the air gap magnetic flux density waveform is not very effective when applied to hollow cup, a special motor with no stator core and large air gap. A bow-shaped PMs structure is designed for the hollow-cup motor in this paper. First, the equivalent surface current method is used to calculate the analytical formula of the static magnetic field of the model. Then, the Finite Element (FE) method is used to calculate the static air gap flux density waveform of conventional tile-shaped PMs and bow-shaped PMs with different bow heights, and the corresponding harmonics and sine distortion are obtained by Fourier decomposition. The simulation results show that the bow-shaped PMs can effectively improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the static air gap flux density waveform. And the suitable bow height is determined. Finally, a prototype is made based on the suitable bow height for experiments, and compared with the analytical result and the FE result, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the bow-shaped PMs with the suitable bow height are verified.     

汽轮机转子动叶片装配序列智能优化

针对某工厂因动叶片装配序列存在 “不平衡量值大、叶片质量或质径积形成的聚集及特殊叶片排序不稳定”问题，而导致动叶片安装时出现动叶片中间体及围带间间隙超差等现象，在简要分析动叶片装配和称重原理的基础上，结合遗传算法的全局优化和快速收敛的特点，提出了动叶片安装排序的智能优化方法。经统计某级动叶片装配间隙数据及转子动平衡测试数据，结果表明:优化算法的采用，使整级动叶片一次性装配间隙合格率由68.3%提升至86.6%，转子动平衡配重质量块减少约49.2%，在3000r/min时，转子轴颈振动值降低约25.2%。      

An effective crack position diagnosis method for the hollow shaft rotor system based on the convolutional neural network and deep metric learning

In recent years, the crack fault is one of the most common faults in the rotor system and it is still a challenge for crack position diagnosis in the hollow shaft rotor system. In this paper, a method based on the Convolutional Neural Network and deep metric learning (CNN-C) is proposed to effectively identify the crack position for a hollow shaft rotor system. Center-loss function is used to enhance the performance of neural network. Main contributions include: Firstly, the dynamic response of the dual-disks hollow shaft rotor system is obtained. The analysis results show that the crack will cause super-harmonic resonance, and the peak value of it is closely related to the position and depth of the crack. In addition, the amplitude near the non-resonant region also has relationship with the crack parameters. Secondly, we proposed an effective crack position diagnosis method which has the highest 99.04% recognition accuracy compared with other algorithms. Then, the influence of penalty factor on CNN-C performance is analyzed, which shows that too high penalty factor will lead to the decline of the neural network performance. Finally, the feature vectors are visualized via t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). Naive Bayes classifier (NB) and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN) are used to verify the validity of the feature vectors extracted by CNN-C. The results show that NB and KNN have more regular decision boundaries and higher recognition accuracy on the feature vectors data set extracted by CNN-C, indicating that the feature vectors extracted by CNN-C have great intra-class compactness and inter-class separability.     

基于新型定子极面结构的开关磁阻电机转矩脉动抑制研究

为抑制开关磁阻电机(SRM)转矩脉动,提出了一种新型定子极面结构,将传统均匀气隙结构改成两段式的非均匀气隙结构。以一台11 kW、1 000 r/min、12/8极SRM为例,通过建立二维场路耦合时步有限元模型,对此类结构进行了验证与优化。结果表明:此类结构能够在保证电机效率基本不变的情况下,有效抑制转矩脉动,为进一步提升SRM的设计与运行水平,提供了有益的参考。     

静叶轮毂间隙对压气机角区失速的控制

为了研究静叶轮毂间隙对压气机角区失速的控制作用，以某1.5级轴流压气机为研究对象，采用三维数值模拟方法研究静叶轮毂整体间隙和部分间隙对压气机低工况点和设计点气动性能的影响。结果表明:整体间隙通过产生泄漏流削弱起始于轮毂表面终止于静叶吸力面的“龙卷风”旋涡的能量源，达到了控制角区失速提高压气机低工况点性能的目的，但间隙产生的泄漏损失会降低设计点性能。而部分间隙明显优于整体间隙，部分间隙的位置越靠近尾缘，低工况点性能提高的幅度越大，同时对设计点的损害越小。TAI2方案的低工况点流量增加了0.89kg/s，效率提高了1.25%，而设计点效率不降低。另一方面，只有当部分间隙增大到一定尺寸后间隙泄漏流才足以抑制角区失速团。      

考虑区间叠加不确定间隙的空间可展机构动力学研究

本文建立了考虑不确定间隙空间可展机构动力学模型，通过对不确定间隙进行描述，结合传统接触模型提出含不确定区间间隙的接触力模型，并将其嵌入展开单元动力学模型，通过切比雪夫区间求解对含区间系统动力学模型进行求解，针对区间求解中启动阶段估计不准、区间叠加误差过大、区间整合的问题与展开单元叠加问题，提出了相适应的区间扩张、局部均值分解与瞬时叠加方法降低区间求解误差，并给出区间间隙累加下动力学响应边界。结果表明:区间间隙大小主要对系统运动精度产生较大影响，而区间间隙数量对系统运动稳定度影响较为严重。区间叠加方法相比于传统拟合方法可进一步提高空间可展机构预示精度，相较于传统拟合结果可提高7.74%。     

航空轴承技术现状与发展

航空轴承的技术水平和质量直接影响到航空发动机的工作性能,因此研制高可靠性的航空轴承对于保障航空装备性能和飞行员安全都尤为重要。简述国内外航空轴承技术的发展现状,从材料、设计、制造、试验、检测5个方面分析了国内外技术差距,并基于航空发动机高温、高载荷、高转速、长寿命与高可靠性的未来发展需求,提出了新材料应用、表面处理、结构设计与仿真、智能制造与检测、试验技术与评价、智能轴承技术等有待于解决和发展的航空轴承技术研究方向。     

多钎缝喷注器真空钎焊工艺

针对不同部位多条钎焊缝一次钎焊成型,开展采用BNi-2钎料进行喷注器真空钎焊工艺方法的实验研究。分析了表面洁净度、钎焊温度及钎缝间隙对喷注器密封性的影响。结果表明:钎缝间隙对由高温合金与不锈钢两种材料组成喷注体钎焊接头的密封性有显著影响。合理的钎缝装配间隙为10～15μm,此间隙使钎缝中的钎着率90%,并得到了内外部质量、密封性优良的接头。     

Design and analysis of a novel hybrid cooling method of high-speed high-power permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance starter/generator in aviation applications

To improve the heat dissipation performance, this paper proposes a novel hybrid cooling method for high-speed high-power Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Starter/Generator (PMaSynR S/G) in aerospace applications. The hybrid cooling structure with oil circulation in the housing, oil spray at winding ends and rotor end surface is firstly proposed for the PMaSynR S/G. Then the accurate loss calculation of the PMaSynR S/G is proposed, which includes air gap friction loss under oil spray cooling, copper loss, stator and rotor core loss, permanent magnet eddy current loss and bearing loss. The parameter sensitivity analysis of the hybrid cooling structure is proposed, while the equivalent thermal network model of the PMaSynR S/G is established considering the uneven spraying at the winding ends. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid cooling method is demonstrated on a 40 kW/24000 r/min PMaSynR S/G experimental platform.